Exchange Your Debt With A 1031 Tax Exchange

By Kevin Y. Delno

The basic premise behind a 1031 exchange is that that you, the taxpayer, are shifting all of your equity from one property to the next. In effect, the old debt is being offset by the new debt on the replacement property. However, there are two ways to usurp this premise and cash out some of your equity: pre-exchange refinancing, and post-exchange refinancing. Pre-exchange financing will be discussed first.

1031 rationale requires all of the proceeds from the sale to pass to the Qualified Intermediary. This prevents you from receiving any cash benefit from the sale. There may be times, however, when you would like to use some of your equity for your own entertainment or investments. If you decide to refinance your property shortly before the 1031 exchange and use that equity for your own entertainment, you may run afoul of the IRS.

Garcia was a taxpayer who decided to refinance his property in anticipation of the 1031 exchange. The IRS successfully argued that when Garcia took out money before the 1031, it was akin to telling the settlement agent to pay him some of the sale proceeds at closing. In short, you cannot take out your equity just before the 1031 exchange. Cashing out equity, called "boot," is acceptable if you pay taxes on it. Garcia tried to avoid the tax and ran afoul of the 1031 rationale, and the IRS.

In order for you to avoid the Garcia issue, you may decide to refinance the replacement property. In post-exchange financing, taxpayers may not want to leave all of their equity in the replacement property - some want to take out that equity and buy more real estate. However, how long should you wait after completing the 1031 exchange before you take out the equity in the replacement property?

The nanosecond refinance is waiting just long enough after the 1031 to show the IRS, through the closing statement, that you've re-invested all of your equity into the replacement property. In a separate transaction, a new settlement statement is used to show that the replacement property was encumbered with new debt via a loan or mortgage, then there is a cash payment from the lender to you. Thus, there is a pool of money you can access after the exchange.

Whether the nanosecond exchange is legal is debatable. There are risks because there is no definitive IRS rule regarding how long you have to keep the equity in the replacement property. The conservative school of thought says to keep the money in the replacement property in order to avoid the Garcia trap. In this case, keep the equity in the replacement property until the following tax year, or until two years have passed from the 1031 exchange to the ultimate refinance. - 23222

About the Author:

U.S. investors can save big money by utilizing 1031 exchanges to defer all of their capital gains tax on the sale of investment property. A 1031 tax exchange is similar to an interest free loan from the IRS.