Finding Stock Trading Network Router Delays

By Lance Jepsen

A cheap solution has been discovered by computer programmers for detecting millionth of a second delays in routers in data center networks. Automatic stock trading systems with even a millionth of a second delay can cost over a million dollars.

Purdue and the University of California computer science departments teamed up to work on the problem. They created a very small algorithm that requires no additional hardware to run.

This new programming method enables data centers to diagnose delays as short as millionths of a second in routers. The programming method also will detect packet loss as infrequent as one in a million at every router in a data center's network.

The programming code is called the Lossy Difference Aggregator. It requires no new hardware and has no performance penalty on the router.

Online brokers houses and stock trading platforms will love this new technology. The reason is that if you can get into a trade faster than everyone else, their buy orders will push up your position. A delay of even 100 microseconds over an incoming stock data feed can cause your buy and sell orders to be behind that of competing brokerage houses.

Exchanges like the Nasdaq use very expensive custom hardware designed to track delays in the performance of routers at different key points within a data center network. But these hardware boxes are too expensive to be added to every router within a data center's network. Especially if that data center is running an automated stock trading system. By the time the I.T. Department detects a problem router, it usually costs the company 1 - 3 million dollars in delayed entry and exits on trades.

This computer programming code will allow router vendors to add loss tracking on every router at no additional cost. This will completely eliminate the need for specialized external router monitoring devices.

The way a router's performance is measured now is that an external hardware device tracks when a packet arrives and when it leaves and then takes the difference of those times.

Instead of tracking the entry and exit times of all packets going through a router, this computer code randomly divides the incoming packets into groups and then calculates the entry and exit times of each group. As long as the number of losses is smaller than the number of groups, at least one group will give a good estimate.

Calculating the difference of the groups arrival and departure times and then dividing by the total number of messages gives a very accurate estimate of the average delay of a given router. This approach requires so little computer programming code that it really is about the same code as a simple counter.

A data center that has thousands of routers all running this new programming code in each router will be able to detect problem routers very quickly. In tests, a router that is adding a millionth of a second delay was detected instantly. The code even detected a router that was losing one packet in every hundred million. - 23222

About the Author:

By Lance Jepsen. For free stock trading advice by master stock traders and free stock charting software go to stock trading

Don't Lose Money On Your Investments

By Jonah Brek

The current economic situation has forced many people more into debt, however, while others are going into debt, there are many people out there looking for good investment options. If you have extra money, it does not make sense to let it sit in a savings account; however, many of the investment options out there are also risky. For this reason, there are many individuals who seem skeptical about where to put their money. The good news is there are options for investment that are available today and at the same time are risk free.

One of the most important things to understand when it comes to investing is that there is a difference between a good investment and a risk free investment, because while not all good investments are risk free. Sometimes when you invest in something with risk, there is the possibility of losing money; however, risk free investments do not pose the same risk of monetary loss. While some people like riskier investments, many people choose to invest in securities that are risk free because they are guaranteed a return on their investment. Typically, the most popular risk free investments include government savings bonds, treasury bills, and certificates of deposits (CDs).

Risk free investments are not only a less risky investment, but they can also be a smarter investment for a lot of individuals - especially those investing to save for the future. When it comes to investment securities, these assets are not as liquid as a regular checking or savings account. In other words, you cannot necessarily get the money invested in the assets back tomorrow if you need to. However, when you invest in a risk free investment, you do have a decent guarantee that the money you invested today will be there tomorrow - and, that is nice to know.

Although there are different types of risk free investments, one of the most popular risk free investments is obtained from the government in the form of a bond. A government savings bond is a nice long-term investment security that accrues interest over time; and once it matures, you can count on getting your money because you invested in the government instead of a bank or the stock market. The downside of bonds is obviously the fact that they provide a lower rate of return, yet there is no risk and you are guaranteed at least some return on your investment.

Treasury bills (commonly called T-Bills) are another form of investment that is relatively risk free and popular in today's economy. T-Bills function very similarly to bonds, except they have a different time period. While your bond investment may take years to mature, your investment in a T-Bill will mature in one year or less; thus, it is a great risk free investment for the short run investment. Also, when it comes to T-Bills, your money is guaranteed at the maturity date, so you can expect some sort of return on your investment.

Many people who do not invest in government securities but are still looking for risk free investments rely on certificates of deposits (CDs). Certificates of Deposits typically have a time period that ranges from one quarter to five years, and, once the CD has matured you receive the principle and the interest. And, although CDs are definitely sound investments and free from risk, they do not have the tax breaks that other investments offer; so, make sure to consider that when you are deciding which security to invest in.

When you are trying to determine what to invest your money in, you will come across a variety of different options, and you will realize that not all investment opportunities are created equal. For this reason, many people seek the advice of a financial advisor to help best advise them on what decisions should be made for their investment portfolio. Whether you work with a financial advisor or not, the one thing to remember is to be cautious and ere on the side of conservative when it comes to your investments.

In the investment industry, a higher rate of return usually involves more risk, and therefore it is important to be cautious. Many people do reap the rewards of the higher return, yet there are others who end up losing money - that is the risk. And, for this reason that is why caution is important, especially in real estate and stock market investments. Don't Lose Money On Your Investments

Because of this, try to stick with investments that are risk free. Check out savings bonds, T-Bills, and CDs for your investments. You will be happy you did. - 23222

About the Author:

payday loans are very convenient and can help people get the cash they need easily

Understanding How Basic Forex Strategies Work

By Pruitt Watkins

There are many trading models or strategies. If you are looking to become a serious currency investor, you should take the time to learn how each is used. Each strategy is often used under different sets of circumstances and there is no strategy that works all of the time. Why? The answer is simple. Each trader often trades under a different goals and rules thereby producing a different set of results.

Experience combined with proper training will help you succeed as a currency investor. You need to have a solid foundation under your feet before you start funding your account with large sums of money. Never invest any amount of money that you are not willing to lose.

It is never wise to trade on a whim or on emotions. This is the best way to lose money fast. Moreover, you should learn how to balance any trading advice you get from others by learning how to interpret real-time market signals as they occur and weigh them against your training and intuition.

Since you are looking for profitable trading scenarios or strategies, you will be happy to know there are only two main categories. The first category can be classified as a profit-maximizing strategy while the other deals with minimizing risk. No two investors will ever use these strategies the same because each may be influenced under a different set of circumstances.

Successful traders take many things into account when they are make critical decisions. The initial investment, size of the account, the type of trading platform you are using and global currency factors all affect the performance of your trade. Your experience level will ultimately determine how well you invest based on your experience in trading under all of these influences.

Profitable traders also employ a system of financial leverage to maximize their profits. To use this strategy you will have to hire the services of a broker. This strategy allows a trader to make trades by essentially borrowing money from a broker when you have very little in your own account. Under these conditions a broker will usually lend on a basis of 100:1 leverage meaning they will give you borrow $100 for each dollar you put into your account.

If you are driven by preventing lose, then you may want to learn about the stop loss strategy. The basic premise of using stop loss is to automate your trade by establishing set-points based on the exchange rate of how the market is performing. Once a trade has reached your stop loss preset, the trading activity will cease in your account.

Automated order entry trading strategies allow a trader to enter a trade opportunity at a preset price. This trading strategy relies on software automation whereby the trader is given control over the set price of the currency. The presets are designed with complex algorithms that enable a trader to enter a trade at the most favorable time for profits.

Other strategies may include strategies for choosing entrance and exit prices, currency pairs, and trading hours. - 23222

About the Author:

Learn more about forex trading alert by visiting the link forex trading alert today.

Descending Triangles -Short Trading Strategy

By Jeff Cartridge

The descending triangle is the most profitable chart pattern when trading short. The descending triangle is formed with the lower boundary of the price movement contained by a line close to horizontal and the top line slopes down toward the bottom line.

Descending Triangles, One Of The Best

The descending triangle does break down more than it breaks up with this occurring in 57% of the patterns. A downside breakout is profitable 45% of the time delivering an average profit of 0.92% in 9 days. A large number of downside breakouts (12.1%) return in excess of 10% gain.

Improve Your Trades

A break to the downside works better in a falling market or sector environment. By using filters that require the market to be in a consolidation or an up trend you can improve the results. The sector should also be in a down trend for the best results. Strangely a sector that is in a down trend at the beginning of the pattern produces better results than a sector in a down trend when the breakout occurs.

Descending triangles that breakout early in the pattern, produce similar results to those that breakout later, so this is not an important filter to use. The best results are achieved when the stock climbs up from the lower boundary and collapses back before reaching the upper boundary of the pattern.

If volume supports a descending triangle breakout then the profitability of the trades improves. For volume to support the breakout, volume when the stock is going down should be greater than volume when the stock is going up.

Descending Triangles Extremely Profitable

Following a series of simple rules to determine which descending triangle to trade can improve results dramatically. By applying these filters descending triangles are profitable on 48% of the trades and return an average of 2.55% per trade in 10 days. This is a very profitable pattern to trade.

Statistics for this article have been provided by Patterns Trader after analyzing over 60,000 chart patterns on the Australian market from 2000 - 2008. - 23222

About the Author:

Jeff Cartridge has been trading CFDs since 2002 and created the website LearnCFDs.com Discover Patterns of Success

A review of the ultimate Forex Robot The Ultimate Forex Software The Ultimate Forex System

By Will Jones

The popularity of trading systems currency have risen in recent years with an increase in the number of people begin to trade in the foreign exchange market.

Throughout the past couple of years the large interest in currency trading has meant that there has been an increase in the amount of people starting to trade in the currency market, this has meant more tutorials and strategies have been written about and more trading systems have been appearing.

What is a Forex Trading System?

A Forex software system otherwise known as a system of exchange of currency is a software tool used by more than 90% of all Forex traders around the world. They are among the most popular software tools used in the financial sector today and become one of the most advanced software in the financial sector.

Since the arrival of these Forex systems, they have advanced ten times where they are now starting to use more complex algorithms that are able to adapt to many, if not all market conditions.

These software tools are able to provide certain conditions for Forex market traders, and thus they are able to provide jobs that will be most profitable businesses and who will be most safe. This ensures trades to win the Forex traders and make their job much easier.

May you be well, I have no money to buy one of these systems, well think again, they are usually sold at a price and that I speak of the following is an example of that. Forex trading should not be your job, if it is a hobby or a career using one of the currencies of these systems will improve your chances of winning ten times.

Why Forex Traders Systems?

Many currency traders have decided, a Forex trading system, while in the foreign exchange market. The reasons are obvious if you start with these systems. The advantages of these systems are astronomical minimal risks such as trade and the possibility of the search for profitable business only by an analysis of the foreign exchange market.

Forex traders have become dependent on these systems to enable them to quickly and effectively analyze the market and the specific objective of investing in businesses. One of the best points of these systems is that some may be left on autopilot so you do not even have to work or to your computer while the system analyzes market data and trades in and off-exchange market.

What to watch?

With the increase in popularity of these Forex systems like with anything else comes the various systems which lack the quality and precision that some of these systems have. These systems are generally released with out sufficient testing within different market conditions and therefore are not reliable and cannot guarantee profit.

In the past, these programs have been released with development in mind lazy, they have only developed simple algorithms which means that the software fits a certain market condition, after the market condition is, they become unusable until the same situation appears again.

The systems are also available for complex interfaces, which in some cases confusing for Forex traders, this means that people are not able to take full advantage of the range of functions, sometimes on the forex systems and rather unused.

To select a Forex Robot?

Many people in the past have purchased the wrong forex systems if these systems are arriving, there have been some developments that are driven purely to raise money from people that are no real benefits to the forex dealers. Well, even if things have changed now, we are still a number of Forex, the quantity of which they can benefit their users, the key is to find out which forex system makes honest information.

If you are looking for a forex system, you need to ensure the sale page does not make unrealistic demands that are inaccessible, even the most experienced Forex trader.

Forex Phantom passes this test, with its own unique features and simplistic yet professional design it has become this years most anticipated trading system owned by all, that are trading in the market.

This system features a new advanced real-life algorithm that allows it to proceed with an exchange conditions. This is the first currency trading system, these advanced features and while it may sound complex, the system is an easy-to-use interface that even the least technically demanding and can make money.

Forex Phantom has become the fastest selling foreign exchange trading system in the world and that's in a matter of weeks. This system is designed to be beneficial and profitable to the user, designed by financial market experts and developed by expert software developers it has surpassed its own expectations. - 23222

About the Author:

Read more information about Forex Phantom and the Forex market through our Forex Phantom Blog.